Geography Supported Study
Tuesday is supported study day – 3:30-4:30 if you need help with any topic come along!
Tuesday 27th – Glaciation Mapping and landuse (after school)
Wednesday 28th – Landuse on a map (after school)
Thursday 29th – Weather (lunchtime)
Tuesday 3rd – Industry (after school)
Wednesday 4th – Enquiry Skills (after school)
Thursday 5th – Trade and Aid/Revision (lunchtime)
Thursday 5th AFTER SCHOOL – Prelim again – this prelim will take 2 hours to complete – you can either complete it all after school today, or stay an hour and a half and finish at lunchtime tomorrow. It must be finished before the February break.
You should start studying now – I will be working on these topics but if you need help with anything else let me know.
Monday, 26 January 2009
Turkey - Germany Case Study
Turkey – Germany – Migration Case Study
This is the mystery we were looking at on Monday in class. These notes are important, so print off a copy if you missesd it.
Background
Many people move from Turkey to other countries to improve their standard of living.
Since 1945 most have migrated to other European countries – Germany has been very popular.
Originally Turkish workers were welcomed to Germany – they were gastarbeiters (guest workers) who migrated there for work on a temporary basis. The migrants however in 1973 foreign workers were banned from entering Germany, mostly male, were allowed to work in Germany for a period of one or two years before returning to the home country in order to make room for other migrants. Many migrants did return, after having built up savings for their return. However, many migrants decided not to return to their home countries and were joined in Germany by their families. As they started to settle down and form new ethnic minority communities, the government and others in society largely ignored the migrants. This led to educational, religious and social segregation of the migrants in Germany.
Why Germany?
WW2 left Germany with very few people of working age, there was much rebuilding to be done and to encourage people to come and work in the country Germany set up recruitment offices in Turkish cities offering good jobs, with good money.
Effect of this migration on Turkey
People left the countryside – less pressure on land – farms grew bigger and more profitable.
Young people left – fewer children born
Unemployment was reduced
Migrants sent money back to their families
When migrants returned they brought new ideas and skills
However:
Turkey lost its most able and educated people
The countryside had very few young people so conditions could not improve
Families were broken up
There were not enough people to defend Turkish borders and fight in the army
Effects on Germany
Germany welcomed the migrants – they took low paid, dirty jobs and worked long hours
However:
There were not enough houses
Language barriers caused problems
Racial tensions broke out
In the 70/80s Germany was hit by the recession and many Turks lost their jobs, racial tensions increased further between unemployed Germans and those Turkish migrants that were still employed.
Returning to Turkey
Some returned as soon as they had enough money to improve their lives
Many stayed in Germany they like it! So Germany began to offer grants to encourage people to leave (although few have taken up the offer)
This is the mystery we were looking at on Monday in class. These notes are important, so print off a copy if you missesd it.
Background
Many people move from Turkey to other countries to improve their standard of living.
Since 1945 most have migrated to other European countries – Germany has been very popular.
Originally Turkish workers were welcomed to Germany – they were gastarbeiters (guest workers) who migrated there for work on a temporary basis. The migrants however in 1973 foreign workers were banned from entering Germany, mostly male, were allowed to work in Germany for a period of one or two years before returning to the home country in order to make room for other migrants. Many migrants did return, after having built up savings for their return. However, many migrants decided not to return to their home countries and were joined in Germany by their families. As they started to settle down and form new ethnic minority communities, the government and others in society largely ignored the migrants. This led to educational, religious and social segregation of the migrants in Germany.
Why Germany?
WW2 left Germany with very few people of working age, there was much rebuilding to be done and to encourage people to come and work in the country Germany set up recruitment offices in Turkish cities offering good jobs, with good money.
Effect of this migration on Turkey
People left the countryside – less pressure on land – farms grew bigger and more profitable.
Young people left – fewer children born
Unemployment was reduced
Migrants sent money back to their families
When migrants returned they brought new ideas and skills
However:
Turkey lost its most able and educated people
The countryside had very few young people so conditions could not improve
Families were broken up
There were not enough people to defend Turkish borders and fight in the army
Effects on Germany
Germany welcomed the migrants – they took low paid, dirty jobs and worked long hours
However:
There were not enough houses
Language barriers caused problems
Racial tensions broke out
In the 70/80s Germany was hit by the recession and many Turks lost their jobs, racial tensions increased further between unemployed Germans and those Turkish migrants that were still employed.
Returning to Turkey
Some returned as soon as they had enough money to improve their lives
Many stayed in Germany they like it! So Germany began to offer grants to encourage people to leave (although few have taken up the offer)
Birth Rates/ Death Rates Note
- Population
Why do countries have a High Birth Rate:
1. People have more children because there is a high infant mortality rate.
2. People have children to help them with work, support family.
3. Religious reasons (Catholic)
4. Contraception – Access to contraception, education and awareness.
Why do countries have a Low Birth Rate:
1. Money – Children are expensive.
2. Good jobs, careers and university – people do not have ‘time’
3. Contraception – education and access
4. Later marriages
Why do countries have High Death Rates:
1. Aids – no cure, lack education and illiteracy make it common
2. Malaria – again lack education and illiteracy make it common
3. Lack health care
4. Drought/Famine
5. War
6. Difficult lifestyle – poor diet and housing
7. Poor Sanitation
Why do countries have a Low Death Rate:
1. Healthcare – NHS is free!
2. clean water
3. Education
4. Variety of food – good diet
5. Houses – clean, dry
6. Immunisation
7. Good income – easier lifestyles in many ways – less physical.
Population 1996 General - Model Answer
Population 1996 General – Model Answer
Q7 (a)
Higher Life Expectancy
Developed countries have higher life expectancy than developing countries. This is due to access to health care being better in developed countries; therefore people are less likely to die from treatable disease. Vaccinations are also given to young children in developed countries – which help prevent disease like measles, which kills many people in the developing countries. Sanitation is also better in developed countries, people have access to clean water, this does not happen in many developing countries which cause people to become ill and die at a younger age, lowering life expectancy.
Literacy Rate
Developed countries have higher literacy rates than developing countries. This is due to the fact that many developed countries provide free education to children, allowing children to attend school and learn to read and write. In developing countries many children are unable to go to school as they cannot afford it. Parents may also be reluctant to send their children to school in developing countries as the children are needed to work and support the family instead; this leads to lower literacy rates in developing countries.
(b)
Population growth is a good indicator of development as a high level of population growth would be likely to indicate a developing country. This is due to the population growing quickly as people have little access to contraception, or lack of education about contraception. High levels of population growth also indicate a country is developing as they indicate a high infant mortality rate, as many people have larger families due to the likelihood that many will not survive.
In a developed country the population growth will be low as people will be educated about contraception and will choose to have smaller families. People in developed countries will also marry later, having less children and reducing population growth.
Q8 – Model Answer 1996
The majority of people in Botswana live along the East coast. This is the most hospitable part of the country with plenty rainfall to allow people to grow crops. There is also a high population density in the NE of the country where many natural resources are found (diamonds, copper) and people live here due to the amount of jobs available from this industry. The South West of Botswana has a low population density, this is because there is very little rain here (less than 400 mm) which makes it difficult for people to grow crops and survive. A large amount of this land is also a national park, which will restrict building and the number of people who live here. The NW of the country also has a low population density due to the fact that much of the land is marsh, which would be difficult to build and farm on.
Q7 (a)
Higher Life Expectancy
Developed countries have higher life expectancy than developing countries. This is due to access to health care being better in developed countries; therefore people are less likely to die from treatable disease. Vaccinations are also given to young children in developed countries – which help prevent disease like measles, which kills many people in the developing countries. Sanitation is also better in developed countries, people have access to clean water, this does not happen in many developing countries which cause people to become ill and die at a younger age, lowering life expectancy.
Literacy Rate
Developed countries have higher literacy rates than developing countries. This is due to the fact that many developed countries provide free education to children, allowing children to attend school and learn to read and write. In developing countries many children are unable to go to school as they cannot afford it. Parents may also be reluctant to send their children to school in developing countries as the children are needed to work and support the family instead; this leads to lower literacy rates in developing countries.
(b)
Population growth is a good indicator of development as a high level of population growth would be likely to indicate a developing country. This is due to the population growing quickly as people have little access to contraception, or lack of education about contraception. High levels of population growth also indicate a country is developing as they indicate a high infant mortality rate, as many people have larger families due to the likelihood that many will not survive.
In a developed country the population growth will be low as people will be educated about contraception and will choose to have smaller families. People in developed countries will also marry later, having less children and reducing population growth.
Q8 – Model Answer 1996
The majority of people in Botswana live along the East coast. This is the most hospitable part of the country with plenty rainfall to allow people to grow crops. There is also a high population density in the NE of the country where many natural resources are found (diamonds, copper) and people live here due to the amount of jobs available from this industry. The South West of Botswana has a low population density, this is because there is very little rain here (less than 400 mm) which makes it difficult for people to grow crops and survive. A large amount of this land is also a national park, which will restrict building and the number of people who live here. The NW of the country also has a low population density due to the fact that much of the land is marsh, which would be difficult to build and farm on.
2007 credit model answer
Population 2007 Credit – Model Answer
The highest population density in North America is on the East Coast. This is due to large industrial areas and cities being found here, e.g. Philadelphia and New York. There are also several large coal fields and power stations where people will come to work. The land here is also flat and easy to build on, with high levels of annual rainfall (over 500mm) making it easy to grow crops. The North West of the country has a low population density, perhaps due to the land here being steep with much lying in the Rocky mountains, this will make the area very difficult to farm and build on and will also create access problems, which will discourage people from living here. A small area in the south west of the country appears to be desert (with under 250 mm of rainfall) this part of the country has a low population density (under 10 persons per sq km) probably due to the fact that it would be very difficult to farm and grow crops here. This area is again in the Rocky Mountains so will be difficult to build on as the land is very steep.
The highest population density in North America is on the East Coast. This is due to large industrial areas and cities being found here, e.g. Philadelphia and New York. There are also several large coal fields and power stations where people will come to work. The land here is also flat and easy to build on, with high levels of annual rainfall (over 500mm) making it easy to grow crops. The North West of the country has a low population density, perhaps due to the land here being steep with much lying in the Rocky mountains, this will make the area very difficult to farm and build on and will also create access problems, which will discourage people from living here. A small area in the south west of the country appears to be desert (with under 250 mm of rainfall) this part of the country has a low population density (under 10 persons per sq km) probably due to the fact that it would be very difficult to farm and grow crops here. This area is again in the Rocky Mountains so will be difficult to build on as the land is very steep.
1997 credit model answer
Credit 1997
Population Pyramids
(a) Japan has few people in the very young age groups whereas Bangladesh has a lot of people in the age groups of 0-0. There are more people in the 20-60 age group in Japan than in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has fewer people living beyond 70 than Japan; this means life expectancy is higher in Japan than in Bangladesh.
(b) Japan has better medical facilities and is offering family planning to try to reduce the birth rate, as the pyramid shows the decline in birth rate. Better nutrition and less disease will also mean people living in Japan are less likely to die at a young age than people in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a high birth rate but less than half the population live to be 20. This is because people become malnourished and catch disease. The country also has poor sanitation and people who do become ill are often unable to afford medical care.
Population Pyramids
(a) Japan has few people in the very young age groups whereas Bangladesh has a lot of people in the age groups of 0-0. There are more people in the 20-60 age group in Japan than in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has fewer people living beyond 70 than Japan; this means life expectancy is higher in Japan than in Bangladesh.
(b) Japan has better medical facilities and is offering family planning to try to reduce the birth rate, as the pyramid shows the decline in birth rate. Better nutrition and less disease will also mean people living in Japan are less likely to die at a young age than people in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a high birth rate but less than half the population live to be 20. This is because people become malnourished and catch disease. The country also has poor sanitation and people who do become ill are often unable to afford medical care.
2000 - credit model answer
Credit 2000
Population Distribution
The most densely populated are in Peru is around the capital Lima where many people will live and work. Other densely populated areas (with 51-100 people per km) are around the countries natural resources and industries since this is where many jobs will be found e.g. the copper and industrial sites in the north and the area around Lima containing copper. Very few people live in the rainforest area in the North of the country and on the mountain peaks where building is difficult, access is poor and living conditions are harsh.
Population Distribution
The most densely populated are in Peru is around the capital Lima where many people will live and work. Other densely populated areas (with 51-100 people per km) are around the countries natural resources and industries since this is where many jobs will be found e.g. the copper and industrial sites in the north and the area around Lima containing copper. Very few people live in the rainforest area in the North of the country and on the mountain peaks where building is difficult, access is poor and living conditions are harsh.
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